Don't change it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Don't change it - Essay Example While other philosophers like Rousseau opposed this crucial view of humans by viewing them as cooperative, selfishness and fear are the main reasons why humans harm each other (Rousseau, paragraph 12). Shifting from the evil human image that Hobbes explained, to the well-disposed human image of Rousseau, makes an obvious antagonism between both philosophers. Indeed, both Hobbes and Rousseau wrote about the same points, which are human nature, social contract, and the form of government, but each of them had different explanations to these ideas. In the idea of human nature, Hobbes started by explaining his idea through arguing that all men are created equal in their aptitude and wish (Hobbes 57). Indeed, Hobbes indicates that no man is above other men, but what make men different are sciences and the amount of knowledge that each person carries (Hobbes 59). Even though each man has a different amount of knowledge, a man in his nature always sees himself better than others and do not like to admit that other men are better than him (Hobbes 59). Rousseau illustrated that men are equal but they are different from each other based on two facts, which are their physical features such as their age, way of looking and the soul, which is mainly about human behavior and morals (Rousseau, paragraph 1). In addition, Rousseau views all men as free and this is evident when he argues that though man was born without any restrictions, everywhere he goes he is in chains. (Rousseau 81). The Chains Rousseau means in his writing are the restr ictions and the power the government puts on men’s freedom (Rousseau 81). Rousseau also believes that power is not created by nature but it is created by God’s wish. In other words, God is the one who choose specific people to give them power similar to the relationship between a parent and his or her child (Rousseau, paragraph 4, 10). Moving to the idea of conflict and competition, according to

American Literature Essay Example for Free

American Literature Essay ?American literature is any written work of art that is created in the United States. American literature is like all literature, it has literary experiences and contextual history of America. It depicts how America has changed is still changing today. American literature has changed over time just like most canons of literary works. The uniqueness of American literature is that America from its beginning had a special philosophy of life and freedom. The special philosophy of life and freedom that made American literature so unique was reflected in its writings. Americans believed and had faith that God was and is the given of all our rights and freedom. We as Americans had faith in ourselves that we could succeed in anything that we try doing. The literature that we Americans wrote made life worth living because it was displayed for the world to read and understand that life was what we made it. Also by Americans having the ability to spring back from diversity made life worth living and George Washington was a perfect example of this. Literary canon is basically a suggested list of readings that belongs to a country or a certain period in time. Literary canon contains literary works that is mainly by authors who are accepted as an authority in their field and their writings constituting a serious body of literature in any given language. The works that are collected that is included in a literary canon is approved largely by cultural and academic institutions and is observed as literature of that language. Literary work’s popularity is not based only on the quality, but on the relevance of what matters to the context historically, socially, and artistically. Literary canon relate very well to what is going on in society because of what is most important at that time work is being written. The context of the society, whether it is historical, social, or artistic, that is basically the topic. Ethnic writers express the special challenges of realism, naturalism, and regionalism within the American literary experiences. Realism labels a movement in English, European, and American literature that gathered force from the 1930s to the end of the century. Realism attempted to record life as it was lived rather than life as it ought to be lived or had been lived in times past. William Dean Howells stated that realism â€Å"is nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material. † Present-day literary theorists are probably more aware of what may be called â€Å"the crisis of representation†-the difference between representation and the thing represented-than were these realists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Naturalism is understood by some as an extension or intensification of realism. It introduces characters from the fringes and depths of society whose fates are determined by degenerate heredity, a sordid environment, and/or a good deal of bad luck. Regionalism writing, another expression of the realist impulse, resulted from the desire both to preserve a record of distinctive ways of life before industrialization dispersed or homogenized them and to come to terms with the harsh realities that seemed to be replacing these early and allegedly happier times. By the end of the twentieth century, every region of the country had a â€Å"local colorist† to immortalize its natural, social, and linguistic features. Ethnic writers define literature as literature that is written by people of a different culture, language, religion, or race. It differs from the canon of traditional American literature because literary canon is a list of work from American instead of from a different race or religion. The historical, socio-political, and cultural topics that might be covered by ethnic writers would be slavery and how the slaves were treated during that time. Slavery is a topic that can be covered under all three. Government issues are a topic that could be covered under socio-political. The debate against government issues such as health care and taxes could be something that ethnic writers could write about. It does not differ from the canon of traditional American literature because the writings have to be by authors who are accepted as an authority in their field and their writings of literature in any given language.

Free Essays on A Dolls House: Money Matters :: Dolls House essays

A Doll's House Essay: Money Matters Henrik Ibsen was born in 1828 to a wealthy family, however, when he was just eight years old his family went bankrupt, and they lost their status in society. Ibsen knew how the issue of money could destroy a person’s reputation in no time at all. Perhaps that is how he makes the characters in his play, A Doll's House , so believable. Nora and Mrs. Linde, the two main female characters in the play, have had the issues of money and forgery ruin their lives. Nora forged her dead father’s signature to get a loan. The play revolves around her struggle with her fear of being found out. Both women’s values change as the story moves along. At first, it appears that Nora values money and the status that it brings. Mrs. Linde values her own happiness, and eventually Nora realizes that the only way she will be able to live with what she has done is to do the same. From the start of the play, we see that Nora’s entire focus is on money. â€Å"Won’t it be lovely to have stacks of money and not a care in the world† (703), Nora asks Mrs. Linde. Almost every conversation she has in the play is related to money in some way or another. When Torvald, her husband, asks her what she wants for Christmas, she tells him, â€Å"You could give me money, Torvald. . . . Then I could hang the bills in pretty glit paper on the Christmas tree. Wouldn’t that be fun† (699)? Her carefree way of handling money exasperates her husband. He wants to make her happy, but he isn’t able to give her what he doesn’t have. He doesn’t know about the loan, at first, and, to him and the audience, it appears that she is just throwing her money away hopelessly. Mrs. Linde, on the other hand, knows what it is like to not have money to spare. She values money, but for an entire different purpose. The looks at it for what it is worth, and how it can help her survive. Her entire life she has had to work hard for anything that she wanted or needed. â€Å"Well, anyway,† she responded to Nora’s remark on having stacks of money, â€Å"it would be lovely enough to have enough for necessities† (703). To survive, she â€Å"had to scrape up living with a little shop and a little teaching and whatever else [she] could find† (704). Free Essays on A Doll's House: Money Matters :: Dolls House essays A Doll's House Essay: Money Matters Henrik Ibsen was born in 1828 to a wealthy family, however, when he was just eight years old his family went bankrupt, and they lost their status in society. Ibsen knew how the issue of money could destroy a person’s reputation in no time at all. Perhaps that is how he makes the characters in his play, A Doll's House , so believable. Nora and Mrs. Linde, the two main female characters in the play, have had the issues of money and forgery ruin their lives. Nora forged her dead father’s signature to get a loan. The play revolves around her struggle with her fear of being found out. Both women’s values change as the story moves along. At first, it appears that Nora values money and the status that it brings. Mrs. Linde values her own happiness, and eventually Nora realizes that the only way she will be able to live with what she has done is to do the same. From the start of the play, we see that Nora’s entire focus is on money. â€Å"Won’t it be lovely to have stacks of money and not a care in the world† (703), Nora asks Mrs. Linde. Almost every conversation she has in the play is related to money in some way or another. When Torvald, her husband, asks her what she wants for Christmas, she tells him, â€Å"You could give me money, Torvald. . . . Then I could hang the bills in pretty glit paper on the Christmas tree. Wouldn’t that be fun† (699)? Her carefree way of handling money exasperates her husband. He wants to make her happy, but he isn’t able to give her what he doesn’t have. He doesn’t know about the loan, at first, and, to him and the audience, it appears that she is just throwing her money away hopelessly. Mrs. Linde, on the other hand, knows what it is like to not have money to spare. She values money, but for an entire different purpose. The looks at it for what it is worth, and how it can help her survive. Her entire life she has had to work hard for anything that she wanted or needed. â€Å"Well, anyway,† she responded to Nora’s remark on having stacks of money, â€Å"it would be lovely enough to have enough for necessities† (703). To survive, she â€Å"had to scrape up living with a little shop and a little teaching and whatever else [she] could find† (704).

Dont Do Drugs

Hi I'm Alma and this my opinion on why you shouldn't use drugs. I believe that drugs ruin your body, mind , and life. Drugs affect your body in many different ways such as brain damage , heart problems, kidney failure, liver problems and the list goes on and on. First of all Drugs are against the law and until the law is changed, anything to do with growing, transporting and selling of drugs is illegal. So unless you want to spend some time behind bars i suggest you think twice before trying any drug.The most common drug that is used is marijuana. A lot of people say its not bad and that it helps with pain blah blah blah but when really marijuana can be the cause for people to go to stronger more addictive drugs such as heroine, cocaine, and crystal meth. These drugs are known for basically taking over peoples lives. All it takes is to try it once and then bam your hooked on it. They'll do anything just to get that high feeling they first got.Which means they have to use more and mor e of the drug each time just to get that high feeling once again. Drug addicts often think and act differently when using drugs. They will often steal from their family, and there's more of a chance that they'll abuse them physically and mentally. The hardest thing for drug users is trying to quit. People get withdrawals where they can become depressed , have anxiety, become restless and many other hard side affects to deal with. So why go through all that struggle when you can simply just say no?Another reason to stay away from drugs is because they can hold you back from getting your dream job or even a job period and from being able to be around family and friends. Many drug users tend to lose all their friends and family because they either don't trust them, they're a bad influence or they're violent. I for one wouldn't risk loosing my family or friends because of drugs its just not worth it and why worry about if their going to make you take a drug test to get that job you real ly want.When you can be worry free if your drug free and then you can get any job you want. The last reasons to stay away from drugs is that they can have irreversible damage not only to your body but to your mental health. Many people have been known to loose touch with reality and in most of those cases its hard for them to return to normal mental capacity. There are people who are often in denial that they have a drug problem that can ultimately lead to overdose and death. In my opinion you should stay away from all drugs, because of these three main reasons.The First one being Drugs are illegal and using them can lead to the lost of your freedom for many years. The second reason is There's a high probability of getting addicted and you can end up loosing everything and everyone you love. The final reason is that drugs can cause you to lose your sanity and eventually your life. This is why i chose not to use drugs because i don't want to risk loosing my loved ones and my life. Ho pefully this will convince you not to ever try drugs either.

Bend it like Beckham; Food Symbol

Beckman is a movie directed by Grinder Chad. It revolves around listener, a teenage Indian girl who's passion is for playing soccer. This film explores many important themes such as racism, sexuality, stereotypes, breaking gender barriers and culture. The theme that I will be focusing on Is culture. The main symbol for ‘culture' is food. Food is a recurrent theme of the film that is constantly repeated in scenes but only subtly. It has surprisingly Important significance to do with both the Piston and Bahamas families.. Women are typically in the kitchen both Western and Indian culture.The character Mrs. Bahamas is an excellent example of this practice. She is almost always seen cooking, eating or Just being around Indian food. She is constantly trying to teach Jess how to cook, but when Jess shows no desire to learn how to cook. Jess Is removing herself from the traditional ways of a Sikh woman. Sikh women are traditionally housewives, and by Jess refusing to learn to cook goe s against the ways of Sikh culture. In contrast to Mrs.. Bahamas, Jess is going against he ways her parents have taught her, becoming less integrated in Indian culture and bringing shame to the family.She Is bringing shame to the family, because her family believes no man will want a woman who can't cook. This worries Mrs.. Bahamas because she wants nothing more than her daughters to be married off. An Important scene expressing Jess' opinion towards cooking is, when she Is learning how to cook a full Indian dinner. While her mother stands at the stove, Jess defiantly bounces a capsicum from knee to knee. Despite being forced to learn how to cook, sees still obsessed with soccer and will even incorporate it in the kitchen!It is a metaphor for how Jess feels learning to cook Is Just another way for her parents to control her future. Another example of a key scene demonstrating Mrs.. Bahamas opinion of Jess, is when she finds out she has Joined a women's football team. Jess is sitting on a couch with her parents looking down on her. Chad has used a low angle shot, demonstrating the vulnerability of Jess and the power of her parents. Mrs.. Bahamas shows she Is concerned about the future for her daughter: â€Å"What family ill want a daughter-in-law who can run around kicking football all day but can't make round chapattis? Once again, she includes a reference to food, and how Jess needs to submit to the stereotypical role of a woman in order to get a husband. This brings me onto my next point about how cooking Is expected from women In Western culture too. In the Piston household, Jules' mother is similar to Mrs.. Bahamas in the way that she believes playing sport Is masculine. Mrs.. Piston Is constantly reminding her daughter that, â€Å"No boy's going to want to go out with a girl who's got bigger muscles Han him! In desperation to stop her playing football. Even more ridiculous than 1 OFF Jules' for the first time Mrs.. Piston's only comment is, â€Å"You k now, I cooked a lovely curry the other day. † She immediately resorts to talking about food because that is all she knows about Indian culture. She believes she is associating herself with Jess, but is actually only associating with the stereotypical Indian woman, not Jess. In continuation of this scene, Jules' mum is bringing up a tray of cheese and tea, when she hears the two girls quarrelling.Having missed the beginning of their argument (over Joe) she believes them to be lesbians and retreats downstairs. She is so horrified by her daughter she can't bring herself to speak with Jules. Mrs. Piston is holding tea at this time. Tea often represents comfort and a sit-down chat, but Mrs.. Piston is so appalled she can't even face her own daughter. Once again, the mother figure can not, or does not want to understand her daughter's perspective. Paula (Mrs.. Piston) attempts to understand football, literally by using food. The scene begins with Alan (Mr..Piston) explaining the rul es of soccer by using various condiments by stacking them around the table like soccer players on a soccer field. When Jules arrives home she notices her mother has read a stack of soccer magazines. Paula says, â€Å"That way, we can all enjoy football as a family. † Mrs.. Piston researches some professional female soccer players, and finds one that is happily married with a baby. This is not the point where she accepts her daughter's career choice, but mainly points it out in an attempt to encourage Jules' to break up her ‘relationship' with Jess.In conclusion, food is a major aspect in Bend It Like Beckman. It links the two cultures in the film together. In the end both mothers accept that their daughters want to become professional soccer players. Jess and Jules both managed to ‘bend' gender rules and the will of their mothers in order to pursue their dreams. This is the meaning of the title, Bend It Like Beckman. When Mrs.. Bahamas finally accepts her daughter 's career choice she finishes off with a quote food related: â€Å"At least I taught her full Indian dinner, the rest is up to God. †

Do You Need ACT Scores to Transfer Colleges A Guide

Do You Need ACT Scores to Transfer Colleges A Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the most complicated parts of transferring colleges is determining what the requirements are, especially when it comes to standardized tests. Unfortunately, there’s no simple answer to the question of whether you need to take the ACT as a transfer student, but this guide will walk you through how different schools policies vary and explain how much SAT and ACT scores count when applying as a transfer. Do You Need ACT Scores to Apply to College as a Transfer Student? The short answer is that it varies. What’s required of transfer applicants differsdepending on the school you’re interested in and how many credits you’ve completed so far. Generally speaking, the smaller and more selective the school and the fewer credits you’ve completed, the more likely it is that you’ll need to submit test scores. Most schools will also waive standardized testing requirements if you’ve been out of high school for more than five years or if taking the ACT represents an undue financial burden. To give you a sense of the range of policies, the following chart outlines the test score policies for a handful of schools.The far right column gives the number of credit hours (in semesters) above which any testing requirement is waived, and any other specific guidelines. School Requires ACTs Exceptions/Notes USC Yes More than 30 credit hours UT Austin No CU Boulder Yes More than 24 credit hours University of Illinois Yes More than 30 credit hours (but test scores are still recommended) Harvard Yes None University of California No Dartmouth Yes None Middlebury Yes Must send original high school scores Georgetown Yes At least5 years out of high school University of Washington Yes More than 40 transferable credits As you can see, schools' policies vary quite abit, so your best bet is to look up each school’s rulesabout whether transfer applicants need to submit standardized test scores. Figuring out how exactly to find that information can be a bit tricky, so here are some places to start: Look at the section of the website for transfer applicants. There might be a specific page about standardized scores; otherwise, try the application checklist or the FAQ page. Another approach is to search for â€Å"[your school] transfer ACT scores.† You may have to try a couple of the links before you find the information you need, however. If you're really having trouble, just call the admission office and ask! They'll be able to answer any questions you have about the transfer process. How Important Are ACT Scores As a Transfer Student? The other big question most students have about standardized tests is whether their scores count as muchfor transfer admissions as the do for freshmen ones. Happily, test scoresgenerally don't matter as much when you apply as a upperclassman transfer. ACT and SAT scores are used to predict college success. Since transfer students have proof of whether they can succeed in college in the form of their college transcripts, schools usuallycount SATs and ACTs less heavily than they do for freshman applicants. "If a student is transferring after one semester in college or a year, schools usually want the SAT [or ACT] and high school GPA, but the further away from high school, the less schools rely on them," college counselor Deborah Shames told US News. Again, though, the answer to this question is somewhat dependent on which schools you’re applying to- more competitive schools care more about test scores than less competitive ones. Meanwhile, if you’re transferringfromcommunity college, your school may have a guaranteed admission agreement with the local state university. The majority of these programs don’t require test scores, but some do. Further Reading If you have more questions about transferringcolleges, read our complete guide to the transfer process. Thinking about transferring, but not sure where you want to go? Use these college search sites to findthe school that's right for you. Or maybe you need help with another part of the application, like writing about extracurricularsor asking for recommendation letters. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Alex Heimbach About the Author Alex is an experienced tutor and writer. Over the past five years, she has worked with almost a hundred students and written about pop culture for a wide range of publications. She graduated with honors from University of Chicago, receiving a BA in English and Anthropology, and then went on to earn an MA at NYU in Cultural Reporting and Criticism. In high school, she was a National Merit Scholar, took 12 AP tests and scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and ACT. 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Choose the Best Time to Study for Finals

Choose the Best Time to Study for Finals With finals coming up in just a couple weeks, a lot of students start planning their studying schedules. However, theres an important factor to take into consideration when making a plan: when do you study best? Youve heard of â€Å"morning† and â€Å"night† people, right? Some people simply function better in the morning than at night while others struggle to get out of bed in the morning but have no problem burning the midnight oil. Each individual has times during the day when their brain is more alert and theyre able to assimilate and process information as well as create and produce. Trying to push through during the other hours can not only be unproductive, it can also be counter-productive. Thats because the study session wont have been successful, leading to burn-out and discouragement. Finding out the best time to study can help you make the most of your limited time during finals season. Why It Matters During Finals During finals period, this concept is particularly relevant. By identifying when youre most alert, you can plan a study schedule that allows you to maximize your productivity. You can choose to rest or do other activities during your less productive hours to make sure you can make the most out of your â€Å"on† time. How To Identify Your Most Productive Time Most people have an instinct for when theyre most productive. If you tend to be bright and ready for the day in the morning but hit a slump after lunch, and tend to knock off early, falling asleep while reading at 9p.m., you can assume that mornings are your best time. If mornings are tough for you and you generally need a landslide of caffeine to get you moving, slowly working your way up to speed as the day wears on and peaking at night after dinner, then your nights will be your most productive times. Some people have slow mornings and early nights but tend to burst with energy in the afternoons. In that case, your most productive time will be during the afternoon. Of course, the best way to be sure is to test this theory out. Choose to study in the morning, afternoon and night and see which one works best for you. If you have the chance to give this a test drive before the finals season hits, it could really help you make the most out of your study time. How Can You Maximize Your Productive Hours? Once you discover your best working time, you should find ways to guard that precious time. Eliminate or at least limit your distractions as much as possible. A quiet, isolated place to study would be ideal so you dont run the risk of friends or family members interrupting you. Turning off phones or putting them on silent or vibrate is also a helpful way to keep distractions to a minimum. Dont tempt yourself with social media during these hours, either. Leave that for another time. Create a Pattern If you can create and stick to a schedule, it will be even more beneficial to your productivity. Adhering to a specific plan every day helps trigger the brain into â€Å"work mode† when its time for serious studying and can enhance your productivity even more. The more consistent you are, the better your work sessions will be. Dont just be consistent with your work, though. Being consistent with the things you do outside of your studying hours is also important. Exercise, eating, and sleeping routines also help keep the brain and body in top running condition. Many successful writers keep consistent schedules. Acclaimed author Haruki Murakami keeps a rigorous schedule of waking at 4am, writing for five or six hours, running or swimming or both and then reading and listening to music. Bed-time is 9:00pm. He describes this process of bringing himself into a kind of a trance with a repetitive pattern that he can rely on every day. Whichever time of day is best for your studies, make sure to get the most out of it by limiting distractions and making the most of your â€Å"off† time as well.

Using the Spanish Preposition Sobre

Using the Spanish Preposition Sobre Like many Spanish prepositions, sobre can be used in a variety of ways that dont seem to have any logical connection. One of the more common Spanish prepositions, sobre can be the equivalent of the English prepositions on, about, or over, among others. In some cases, it can help to know that sobre comes from the Latin super-, which, among other things, functioned as a preposition meaning above or beyond. But while a few of the uses of sobre have clearly related meanings, not all do. Be aware that sobre also can function as a masculine noun meaning envelope, packet, or, in informal usage, bed.) Most Common Ways in Which Sobre Is Used Nearly all the time, sobre is used in one of the following ways: Sobre as a Preposition of Location Sobre is often used to indicate that something is on top or or above something. In some such situations, sobre can be used more or less interchangeably with the preposition en. There usually isnt much significant difference, for example, between sobre la mesa and en la mesa, which both can be translated as on the table. Other times, over is a more suitable translation, such as when sobre means above. Coloca una pierna ​sobre el piso. (Place your knee on the floor.)La distribucià ³n correcta de la presià ³n del cuerpo sobre la silla es esencial para el confort. (The correct distribution of the bodys weight over the chair is essential for comfort.)Una lluvia de astillas volà ³ sobre el coche. (A shower of splinters flew onto the car.)Si pudieras volar sobre el ojo del huracn, al mirar hacia abajo verà ­as claramente la superficie del mar o la tierra. (If you could fly over the eye of the hurricane, upon looking down you would clearly see the surface of the sea or Earth.) Sobre Meaning ‘About,’ ‘Concerning,’ or ‘On the Subject Of’ When sobre is used to describe that something concerns or is about a subject, it functions in the same way that de can. In these situations, sobre is usually more formal than de. About is nearly always a good translation, although others such as of are possible. Ésta es la primera edicià ³n sobre un libro sobre nuestra mà ºsica popular. (This is the first edition of a book about our popular music.)Pelà © presenta documental sobre su vida en Nueva York. (Pelà © is presenting a documentary about his life in New York.) ¿Quà © piensas sobre el uso de los antibià ³ticos? (What do you think about using the antibiotics?) Using Sobre To Indicate Superiority or Influence Sobre often can translate over when it is used to indicate superiority in matters of influence or control. El uso del bus triunfa sobre el coche entre los universitarios. (Among university students, the use of buses triumphs over the use of cars.)La industria de salud posee una enorme influencia sobre las polà ­ticas de salud. (The health industry has a great influence over the politics of health.)Me es repugnante la dominacià ³n de un sexo sobre el otro. (The domination of one sex over the other is repugnant to me.) Sobre in Time Approximations Sobre is frequently used in time expressions to indicate that the time given is approximate. The English translations about or around are often used. Sobre is less commonly used in other types of approximations, such as for physical measurements. Sobre las seis de la tarde volvimos al hotel. (We are arriving at the hotel at about 6 in the evening.)Sobre 1940 el mercado de la ciencia ficcià ³n comenzà ³ a subir de nuevo. (Around 1940 the market for science fiction began to grow again.)La tormenta pasar sobre el mediodà ­a de este sbado. (The storm will pass through around noon on this Saturday.)Esperamos olas de sobre cuatro metros de altura. (We are hoping for waves about four meters high.) Sobre for Motion Around Sobre can be used to indicate rotation around an axis. About and around are the most common translations. El planeta gira sobre su eje una vez cada 58,7 dà ­as. (The planet rotates around its axis once each 58.7 days.)La Tierra rota sobre un eje imaginario que pasa a travà ©s de sus polos. (The Earth rotates about an imaginary axis which passes between its two poles.) Key Takeaways The Spanish preposition sobre is common, but it cant be translated by any single English preposition.One common meaning of sobre is to indicate that something is on top or above something else.Another common use of sobre is to indicate the subject that something else, such as a book, is about.

Critical Assessment of Global Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Critical Assessment of Global Crisis - Essay Example It has been argued that the major basis of the financial crisis was the loose of monetary policy in the early 2000s also known as the â€Å"Greenspan put.† Fed and central bank lowered short-run interest rates to rescue financial markets. There are several key dates indicating the phases of the global financial crisis. Originating from the US, initial signs of financial crisis originated from escalating defaults in the subprime market. The subprime market refers to the marketplace for borrowers who have excessive debt experience, high default rates and the borrowers with recorded bankruptcies and who have a history of missed payments. On the summer of May 2007, Moody’s a credit agency reported that it had planned to reduce creditworthiness assessment of 62 tranches of mortgaged-based securities (MBS), that is, the debt obligations representing a claim on income obtained from mortgage loans. Between June and July of the same year, more tranches were downgraded. In August 2007, French Bank BNP halted three of its funds on a temporary basis because it was unable to assess the value of subprime mortgage securitizations. In short, financial institutions across the world begin to the reassessing the value of the mortgage recognized against their lending. This led to loss of trust and the confidence in these mortgages to tremble. Most institution cast doubts on securitized assets evaluation has they begin to hoard huge amounts of cash assets so as to cover any arising losses originating from their portfolios. The securitization market went under stress leading to a sharp increase in interest rates.

The second language teaching Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The second language teaching - Research Proposal Example In this light, this paper discusses the design, use and aims of a set of integrated skills materials that have been designed to teach and reinforce the future tense to a group of six students, aged 16-17, who are preparing the Cambridge Certificate of Advanced English (CAE) examination for speakers of other languages (ESOL). The skills covered will range from listening to speaking, and from reading to writing in a ninety-minute session. The learning environment is a small English language institute for non-native speakers (NNS) of English with a modern language laboratory, equipped with a teacher's terminal and twelve individual student terminals. Each student terminal consists of a desk and an internet-enabled computer. The desk is wooden, on the face of which are call buttons to the teacher's terminal, adequate writing space and a mouse, as well as a glass screen giving visibility to the monitor beneath. To one side of the desk is the central processing unit (CPU), providing access to features such as a headset, CD and diskette-drives for individual practice. The teacher's terminal has the same features with additional buttons for her to monitor and assign tasks. In addition, the lab has a whiteboard, flip charts, large television, DVD-player and slide projector, and is next door to the document centre, which has subscriptions to many English language publications. These resources facilitate the employment of a v ariety of integrated materials in facilitating maximum and optimal language acquisition and practice (Levy, 1997). The laboratory offers the learners to opportunity to be immersed in English through a maximum of methods, and accounts in part for their relative ease with the language at their level. Hinkel and Fotos (2002) in their book, New Perspectives in Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms, trace the change in attitudes to and perspectives about effective grammar pedagogy, showing how teachers have moved from textbook delivery and memorization of grammatical rules and structure, through audio-lingual, then functional, then cognitive, then to communicative language teaching (Allwright, 1979, 1990), particularly in L2 contexts (Hinkel and Fotos, 2002, pp. 2-4). The latter approach and its offshoot humanistic approach, developed to correct the problem of learners who "knew grammar rules but could not use the target language communicatively, and others [who] urgently needed immediate survival competency in English" (Hinkel and Fotos, 2002, p. 4). These approaches saw formal language teaching being superceded by "natural" acquisition through real communication, by means of exposure to a variety of language uses, namely listening, reading, speaking and writing.

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Law - Essay Example dents being used human shields, â€Å"collateral damage† that may be wreaked on them as a consequence of the military initiative, would put the attacking forces at a disadvantage in the court of public opinion. 5. Such a ploy has been condemned by some groups such as Amnesty International as murder, inasmuch as death is meted out summarily without trial, and the â€Å"war on terror† is not really a war governed by the law on armed conflict, that the term is but rhetoric, and what should prevail is civil law that is applicable during times of peace. 1. Chiozza (2004) determined that the effect of conflict on the tenure of leaders is not ex post inefficient; i.e., defeat is costly for leaders of autocracies and mixed regimes, but not in democratic regimes where political institutions fundamentally mediate the costs and benefits of conflict and its outcome. Research also supports the finding that victory in war does not bring benefits, in terms of enhanced status or longer tenure for the incumbent leader. However, â€Å"popular† conflict may enhance the prospects of an office-seeking political leader, but as to how precisely and what factors are involved should still be a matter of further inquiry. The study asserts that a study focusing on the qualities of leaders may provide important new rationalist explanations for war. 2. Gartzke (2001) examined the effect of interdependence among countries as a deterrent to the outbreak of armed hostilities between them. The study found that it is likely that economic integration facilitates a reduction in the frequency of disputes by making it easier for states to engage in signalling short of military violence. Linkages among countries promote non-violent competition and peaceful conflict resolution, and this study has shown evidence that such a prospect is no longer merely utopian, but occurs in actuality. 3. Jones, Bremer and Singer (1996) examine militarized interstate disputes through empirical patterns in the

Compare and contrast at least two types of industrialization strategy Coursework

Compare and contrast at least two types of industrialization strategy - Coursework Example Further more, it will explain the advantages of the strategies and how different countries have used them to ensure that they are doing well economically. At the end of it all, it will give a clear picture to which strategy can work best for countries thus the comparison of the two strategies. Industrialisation is a process that allows people within a society to change their social and economic status. Industrialisation is a great contributor to modernisation of an area. People go through changes like better and stronger buildings, more intensified machines for processing things, better technology, and large scale production of energy like electricity and better communication and transportation channels. It is also a major contributor to cultural changes that is, with industrialisation, many people change how they view and do things. Their attitudes change completely. Industrialisation comes in with the influence of politics, skilled labour and large scale production with low costs. Industrialization is a major contributor to the economic welfare of a country. Thus many economists attribute economic success to good industrialisation processes1. There are two main industrialization strategies that can be discussed and have been used by many countries to uplift their econom ic status. The ISI strategy is also known as the import substitution industrialisation while, the EOI strategy that is also known as export-oriented industrialization1. Import substitution is an economic strategy that involves a country coming up with trade policies. It is the attempt a country makes to ensure that it produces its own materials instead of importing. It tries to copy how other countries are producing certain goods and products thus start its own production within the country. It involves a lot of government spending in producing the goods. It requires acquiring the

Developing Marketing Capability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developing Marketing Capability - Essay Example What are their approaches, challenges, needs and ambitions to structure a marketing function The aim is to identify the relationship between marketing and organization performance, which is to assert marketing as a significant business function. Objectives Challenges faced by organizing in measuring marketing performance. To organize a marketing function in order to bring competitive advantage and true organizational success. To align marketing function with organizational goals, structure, capabilities and resources. This is to bring competitive advantage and success for the organization. Organizational Challenges in measuring Marketing Performance In an objective to improve marketing performance, organizations first have to measure marketing performance (Richardson, 2012). Without assessing or measuring performance organizations cannot get on with the improvement of capability, skill or performance. There are certain major challenges which organizations face in measuring marketing performance (Shaw & Pont, 2003). Likewise there are challenges to measure intangible customer value, loyalty or marketing outcome which inevitably leads organizations to incomplete assessment. Similarly, by setting numerical data as performance measures bring incomplete information on assessment (Gronholdt & Martensen, 2006). Relatively big financial data feeds like return on investment, balance sheet, or profit or loss statements do not provide the real sketch of marketing, which eventually give distractive information. Moreover more operational activity of marketing does not mean it is performing well as if the marketers are found busy does not mean that there work is productive or based on outcomes (profits or revenues). Intensive marketing does not allocate productive marketing, and hence cannot be taken as a performance measure (Shaw & Pont, 2003). To access marketing performance organizations have to find a purposive method, in which first thing is to set a right performance m etrics. For measuring marketing performance there are different metrics which can reflect the operational and functional performance of marketing (Gronholdt & Martensen, 2006). In the most adaptive metrics used in critical evaluation of marketing performance are activity based metrics. This may include metrics of numerical counting and control and in-depth reporting to scan the intrinsic performance of the function (Raab, 2009). The most adaptive metrics include rate of customer acquisition, customer engagement, events successes, popularity of labels, and competitive brand reception respectively. There are certain limitations behind such metrics as they all are intangible but to a great extend provide the explicit information of how the marketing functioning is performing (Gronholdt & Martensen, 2006). Similarly, a well reported system is itself a performance scanner for marketing. When organizations demand performance assessment, it means they have well organized and well establish ed reporting systems (DCI, 2004). Such systems are obligatory, obligatory in terms of intensive reporting, periodic reporting and reporting with respect to each marketing activity. With time to time reporting, the whole picture comes out on front giving a projection of marketing delays, inefficiencies or unproductiveness (DCI, 2004). Organizations which imply MPM (marketing performa

Compare and contrast at least two types of industrialization strategy Coursework

Compare and contrast at least two types of industrialization strategy - Coursework Example Further more, it will explain the advantages of the strategies and how different countries have used them to ensure that they are doing well economically. At the end of it all, it will give a clear picture to which strategy can work best for countries thus the comparison of the two strategies. Industrialisation is a process that allows people within a society to change their social and economic status. Industrialisation is a great contributor to modernisation of an area. People go through changes like better and stronger buildings, more intensified machines for processing things, better technology, and large scale production of energy like electricity and better communication and transportation channels. It is also a major contributor to cultural changes that is, with industrialisation, many people change how they view and do things. Their attitudes change completely. Industrialisation comes in with the influence of politics, skilled labour and large scale production with low costs. Industrialization is a major contributor to the economic welfare of a country. Thus many economists attribute economic success to good industrialisation processes1. There are two main industrialization strategies that can be discussed and have been used by many countries to uplift their econom ic status. The ISI strategy is also known as the import substitution industrialisation while, the EOI strategy that is also known as export-oriented industrialization1. Import substitution is an economic strategy that involves a country coming up with trade policies. It is the attempt a country makes to ensure that it produces its own materials instead of importing. It tries to copy how other countries are producing certain goods and products thus start its own production within the country. It involves a lot of government spending in producing the goods. It requires acquiring the

Human Nervous System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Nervous System - Essay Example The central nervous system (CNS) of the body is basically responsible for all the unintentional and reflex nerve action. It basically means that the central nervous system takes care of all the nerve action meaning that any type of nerve reaction is the sole responsibility of the CNS (Standley, 2013). The central nervous system (CNS) has the responsibility for almost all thing that a human being does. From the simple act of breathing to the complex mental abilities that help solve complicated mathematic problems are all the direct responsibility of the Central Nervous System (CNS) (Buzzle.com, 2013). Perhaps the simplest example of what the Central Nervous system does is in the fact that as soon as someone’s hand touches a hot object, the body reacts within milliseconds and the bodies reflex is to draw back the hand immediately. Behind this simple activity are sensory tasks performed by the Central Nervous System whereby the hot sensation registered by the hand is transmitted to the brain, is decoded by the brain and the brain instructs the specific part to perform the action of drawing back the hand. All this activity is undertaken in less than a whole second and the Central Nervous System (CNS) is responsible for it. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) (Dorland's Medical Dictionary, n.d.) is also known as the visceral nervous system or also the involuntary nervous system. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a part of the body’s peripheral nervous system(PNS) and acts as a control system.

Creon and Haemon Essay Example for Free

Creon and Haemon Essay How would you direct the confrontation between Creon and Haemon in order to achieve your chosen impact for your audience? The scene of confrontation between Creon and Haemon comes when Creon has sentenced Antigone, future bride of Haemon, to be shut up in the cave. I would want to show a contrast between the characters with costume, so that the audience would get a visual representation of their emotions. I would dress Creon in an extravagant red silken robe, with gold trimmings. This would highlight his status as King, and also the red could signify a bloodthirsty attitude, as Creon is revelling in Antigones fate. Contrastingly, Haemon would be wearing a simple black cotton robe, without any trimmings. This would show that he doesnt care for superficial extravagance, and black is also a colour of mourning; this would symbolise Haemons feelings towards Antigones fate. In the opening of this scene, Creon greets Haemon pleasantly. I would direct Creon to grip Haemons right hand with both of his own hands, in a friendly, pleading handshake; this would show warmth for Haemon, which is what Creon wishes to express at this point. He would maintain eye contact and stand with legs shoulder-width apart He would speak in a soft tone, with a slow pace, medium pitch and a relatively low volume, again to give the impression of warmth. In the line we are always comrades, and my love for you is unshaken, I would direct the actor playing Creon to emphasise the words always and unshaken, stressing these superlatives, in order to exaggerate the positive feelings, diplomatically Haemons response would be in kind, reciprocating the respect. He would accept the handshake, and keep eye contact. His vocal qualities would be as those of Haemon. He would say I know I am your son, Father, stressing the word Father to show respect and also family love. During this exchange, they would both be very close physically, to show that they are, at this point, still emotionally close. The lighting would be a straw wash from above over the stage, of medium intensity: neutral. Creon would be next to a podium, centre-stage-left. Haemon would be centre stage, and the Chorus would be arranged in a semi-circle around them. During Creons following speech, I would want the audience to witness a change in Creons approach. The first noticeable change in attitude would be when he says Dont be taken in/ Boy. Dont let any woman ensnare you. His tone would become harsher, and lower almost as if speaking in a whisper. He would also grasp Haemon on the word Boy, to show the audience that he wants to instil certain sexist values in Haemon, as it is a subject he feels passionately about. Furthermore, he would almost spit the work woman and emphasise the word ensnare to present acidity to the audience. He would say Dont be taken in, Boy without changing his tone or pace, simply increasing intensity, to show the audience how sincere he is. He would continue in this manner, speaking in harsh tones. The next change in Creons demeanour would come when he says I will do it. And she must die. Here, he would revert to speaking with authority, assertively. He would stress the modal verbs, will and must to show that he is completely fixed upon the idea, and is unwavering. This would show the audience his stubbornness. At this point, low-intensity, subtle red uplighting would have slowly faded in, to cast shadows upon Creons face to make him seem more imposing and venomous. It would be barely noticeable by the audience at this stage, as it would be slowly and subtly introduced. Creon would also step back and stand straight at this point, and pause after the line, to highlight its significance to the audience. He would have his hands calmly by his sides. Creon would continue to rant, his volume increasing, and the red uplighting becoming stronger, as the straw wash slowly faded and his hand gestures becoming increasingly evident and expansive. On the line Anarchy, disobedience, he would be banging his fists on his podium in anger, to show the audience how passionately he feels about the subject. He would be nearly shouting at this point, and Haemon would recoil slightly, in fear and surprise at Creons outburst. Creon would next shift toward the end of his speech, and I would want my audience to see him bring back subtle persuasion, using the fact that he is Haemons father to his advantage: Let it be by a mans hand, eh son? / Not by a conspiracy of women! . I would want him to go back to speaking in lower tones, almost at a stage-whisper level, as he wants to instil his own sexism, and apparent paranoia regarding women, into Haemon yet again. This repetition would show the audience just how sexist Creon is. I would therefore have the actor emphasise the words man son, conspiracy and women to show this, and put one arm around Haemon. The red uplighting would also dim at this point, the straw wash becoming more prominent; this would visually represent the change in tone to the audience. Following the Chorus somewhat neutral response, Haemon would reply by at first speaking pleasantries: Its not for me to say you are wrong is quite self-deprecating and is complimentary to Creon. Haemon would therefore speak it in a soft tone, and would physically lower himself by bending knees and back slightly. His volume would be medium at this point, and he would make no hand gestures. The lighting would remain as a straw wash, all red gone at this point. Haemon would emphasise me and you to underline the fact he is making a direct comparison between himself and Creon. Haemon would change in approach right on the line But I can sometimes hear people whisper. The word but here is a clear discursive marker in the text, indicating a change. Also, Haemon begins to discuss how people see Antigones punishment as unjust. He would thus take a step back is if expecting an outburst from Creon, and emphasise words like people and whisper to show the audience that the character aims to dissociate himself from the views. He would become more pleading as the speech progresses, let me beg you to have second thoughts and I beg you Father. This is again showing he accepts inferiority, but also makes clear to the audience that he is against his fathers actions. The metaphors regarding the failure of stubborn things would be spoken with a degree of accusation regarding Creon; Haemon would look at Creon when saying inflexible and refuses to indicate that there refer to Creon. At the end of the speech he says Take good advice when it is offered. This is a direct question to Creon, and I would have Haemon on one knee, clasping Creons hand at this point, to show his desperation to the audience. In the ensuing stichomythia, I would instruct Creon to increase in volume, pace and raise his voice at the end of each sentence. Also, I would want him to spit phrases like Youre a womans mouthpiece! , whilst shaking his arms, palms clawed and facing up to show rage to the audience. Comparatively, I would instruct Haemon to remain calm, speaking in controlled tones and a steady volume throughout, making few hand gestures. Haemon would instead increase in cold contempt, by sharpening the sound of his vowels at the ends of sentences, and speaking in a low tone, and emphasising certain words. He would emphasise the word demented, but without raising the volume of his voice a great deal. Also, at the end, when Haemon says this disgusting spectacle/ In company with a madman, are welcome to it, I would want him to speak this calmly; without varying his pace. He would say this emphasising disgusting spectacle and madman by raising pitch and volume a little. This would show the audience that he feels contempt toward Creon, but is above just shouting. Creon, on the other hand, would be virtually screaming Bring her out, the bitch, emphasising the word bitch by stressing the harsh vowel sound, and gesturing wildly towards the side entrance, as if indicating from where she should be brought. This would show the audience that Creon has lost his composure, and has lost control of his rage. The lighting would be red uplighting again on Creon only, to cast shadows across his face, whilst a blue gel, to mix with the straw wash, would be coming in from above. Overall, this should all contribute into presenting Haemon into an emotionally controlled, stable character, whereas Creon would appear as quite the opposite; unreasonable, stubborn and emotionally volatile. The objective would be to present the characters as such, to encourage the audience to sympathise with Haemon, even empathise with him; ideally, the audience too would feel frustrated and contemptuous towards Creon.

Efficiency of photovoltaic cells

Efficiency of photovoltaic cells This years Nobel Prize has been awarded to an American physicist and chemist whose work paved the way to built efficient and low-cost polymer photovoltaic cells. Professor A. J. Heeger of University of California at Santa Barbara, US received the prestigious Nobel Prize for his research on polymer photovoltaic solar cells over the past two decades. In 1995 Heeger published a paper (science 270 1789), in which he proposed a new approach to fabricate photovoltaic devices, which led to the development of efficient solar cells. This enabled to fabricate renewable, sustainable, and recyclable, low cost photovoltaic devices which are used to convert light energy into electric current. This approach is enhanced and widely used in commercial applications to produce flexible organic solar cells. The increasing demand for energy has created a need for low cost and eco-friendly energy source. Solar power, which is a renewable energy source holds good for producing energy at low cost. Breakthrough Efficiency of Photovoltaic cells depends on the energy conversion and charge collection of the device, which are high in inorganic based photovoltaic device, however organic photovoltaic devices have major advantages over inorganic photovoltaic devices i.e., low-cost fabrication, mechanical flexibility and disposability. This led many researches to focus on polymer photovoltaic cells, hence several approaches have been proposed for fabricating photovoltaic cells like mono and bilayered organic solar cells by using photo induced electron transfer in composites of conducting polymers as donors(D) and Buckminsterfullerene and its derivatives as acceptors(A). However the conversion efficiency is limited by the carrier collection efficiency at the D-A interface. A major breakthrough in the field of organic photovoltaic cells is achieved by overcoming the limitation of the efficiency in the bilayer heterojunction, which is proposed by Heeger. A high interfacial area is achieved within a bu lk material by carefully controlling the morphology of the phase separation into an interpenetrating bicontinuous D-A network, which yields efficient photo induced charge separation, this obtained interfacial area is known as Bulk D-A heterojunction. Even though the bulk heterojunction is previously proposed by Hiramoto et al, [J. Appl. Phys. 72, 3781, 1992] but the fabrication of solar cells is far more difficult than that of Heeger approach. Heeger used composite film of poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) and soluble derivatives of buckminsterfullerene namely [6,6]PCBM and [5,6]PCBM to form a polymer blend. To overcome the limited solubility of C60, a series of soluble C60 derivatives are used, this concept of soluble C60 derivatives enabled to realize new device concept. The structure of bulk heterojunction consists of metal electrode contacts (Ca or Al) of different work function to optimise the efficiency of carrier collection of holes from donor phase and electrons from acceptor phase. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is used as anode and Ca or Al is used as anode which automatically extracts electrons and holes from the polymer blend. The performance of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells depends on the phase separation in polymer blend devices; so much of the research is concentrated on the precise control of the phase separation. The film formation has to be very fast, in order to obtain fine structures i.e., Phase separation has to be arrested earlier, which results in smaller domains than exciton diffusion length. This can be achieved [Adv. Mater. 12, 498, 2000] by spin coating on a heated substrate, so that the solvent evaporates faster. The quantum efficiency (percentage of photos hitting the photo reactive surface that will produce electron-hole pair) of up to 2.9% is achieved by Heeger, which is further enhanced by using different low molecular weight materials [Adv. Mater. 12, 1270, 2000]. Quantum efficiency can be improved up to 10% by using different materials. Evolution A wide range of research is carried out based on bulk heterojunction approach, which resulted in efficient photovoltaic cells; however organic solar cells degrade when exposed to ultraviolet light, which effects the life time of the cells. Energy conversion efficiency is also low when compared to its inorganic counterparts. Fig 1 shows the efficiency achieved by different research groups in the last decade. 7.9% efficiency is achieved by Solarmer Company, which is certified by National renewable energy laboratory (NREL). Whereas Heeger achieved a quantum efficiency of 2.9%, this indicates a rapid development in this field over a decade. Solarmer produce photovoltaic commercial products using bulk heterojunction approach. Another company named Konarka which is founded by Heeger also manufactures plastic electronics and solar cells with bulk heterojunction. Konarka offer conventional products like sensors, portable battery charging for PDA, mobiles and other small devices, microelectronics, portable power, remote power, building integrated photovoltaic. Plextronics is another company developing and selling pre-formulated inks as well as the know-how to print them, which are extensively tested for outdoor lifetime. Device using these products have high lifetimes of the order of years. However the efficiency of polymer photovoltaic cells is low when compared to the silicon based photovoltaic devices. In order to compete with other available technologies, the efficiency of polymer photovoltaic cells should be increased to 15% with a lifetime of 15-20 years [Solar energy, 2009, 1224]. Heeger made a significant contribution to polymer solar cells field by proposing the bulk Heterojunction approach, which has many potential applications in renewable energy.

Clarification of Payscales and Regional Differences Essays -- Engineer

Clarification of Payscales and Regional Differences A world without engineering would be a world without cities, highways, cars, or industry. Engineers play a very important role in our society. They are involved in virtually all fields of industry in one way or another, and create the products and solve the problems that make it possible for everyone to enjoy the day-to-day conveniences Americans take for granted. In America, approximately 2 million people are engineers (College of Engineering, 1998). There are various fields of engineering: aerospace, agricultural, ceramic, chemical, computer, construction, electrical, industrial, mechanical, metallurgical, and civil. Civil engineers are probably the most important field of engineering to the public. Encyclopedia Americana(Okay, we are in college now--no more using the encyclopedia or the dictionary as openings or definitions. Find stronger sources.) (1998) enlightens ones' knowledge of civil engineers: Civil engineering is one of the most diverse branches of engineering. The civil engineer plans, designs, constructs and maintains a large variety of structures and facilities for public, commercial, and industrial use. These structures include residential, office, and factory buildings; highways, railroads, airports, tunnels, bridges, harbors, channels, and pipelinesÉ as well as sewage and waste disposal systems that add to our convenience and safeguard our health. (p. 762) Civil engineering has been a part of our history since the beginning of civilization. The pyramids of Egypt and the ruins of ancient Rome and Greece are classic examples of early civil engineering. Civil M.D. Morris (1974) suggested that "Civil Engineers are creators; Innovators for the commonwealth... ... The civil engineering handbook. New York: CRC Press. College of Engineering. (1998). Civil engineering. ISU college of engineering online: [http://www.eng.iastate.edu/about/info/civil.html]. Available ISU online: Directory: The atlantic monthly online: Home page: Departments. Engineering. Tell me about the college of engineering. What do engineers do? Civil engineering. Engineering Career Services. (1998). Engineering career services: [http://www.eng.iastate.edu/ecs/employers/Spring201998%20Salary.html]. Available engineering career services online: Directory: Engineering career services: Home page. Services to students. Full-time employment. bachelors. Spring 1998. Morris, M. D. (1974). Civil engineers and the world around us. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers. Petroski, Henry. (1997). Remaking the world. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Clarification of Payscales and Regional Differences Essays -- Engineer Clarification of Payscales and Regional Differences A world without engineering would be a world without cities, highways, cars, or industry. Engineers play a very important role in our society. They are involved in virtually all fields of industry in one way or another, and create the products and solve the problems that make it possible for everyone to enjoy the day-to-day conveniences Americans take for granted. In America, approximately 2 million people are engineers (College of Engineering, 1998). There are various fields of engineering: aerospace, agricultural, ceramic, chemical, computer, construction, electrical, industrial, mechanical, metallurgical, and civil. Civil engineers are probably the most important field of engineering to the public. Encyclopedia Americana(Okay, we are in college now--no more using the encyclopedia or the dictionary as openings or definitions. Find stronger sources.) (1998) enlightens ones' knowledge of civil engineers: Civil engineering is one of the most diverse branches of engineering. The civil engineer plans, designs, constructs and maintains a large variety of structures and facilities for public, commercial, and industrial use. These structures include residential, office, and factory buildings; highways, railroads, airports, tunnels, bridges, harbors, channels, and pipelinesÉ as well as sewage and waste disposal systems that add to our convenience and safeguard our health. (p. 762) Civil engineering has been a part of our history since the beginning of civilization. The pyramids of Egypt and the ruins of ancient Rome and Greece are classic examples of early civil engineering. Civil M.D. Morris (1974) suggested that "Civil Engineers are creators; Innovators for the commonwealth... ... The civil engineering handbook. New York: CRC Press. College of Engineering. (1998). Civil engineering. ISU college of engineering online: [http://www.eng.iastate.edu/about/info/civil.html]. Available ISU online: Directory: The atlantic monthly online: Home page: Departments. Engineering. Tell me about the college of engineering. What do engineers do? Civil engineering. Engineering Career Services. (1998). Engineering career services: [http://www.eng.iastate.edu/ecs/employers/Spring201998%20Salary.html]. Available engineering career services online: Directory: Engineering career services: Home page. Services to students. Full-time employment. bachelors. Spring 1998. Morris, M. D. (1974). Civil engineers and the world around us. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers. Petroski, Henry. (1997). Remaking the world. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Nontariff barries Essay

In the Xia case, if the WTO were to rule in favor of Brazil, which of the WTO trade agreements would contain the justification and why? Answer: Brazil banned imports of Xia goods from China because there was allegations and unconfirmed speculation pertaining to China’s use of hazardous materials (for example, lead paint and potentially carcinogenic plastic and rubbers) to manufacture toys cheaply, which sparked consumer panic around the globe. The imports of Xia goods were banned until the test was performed to guarantee that these goods do not possess any health risk. The Chinese government completely refuted this claim and fearing that other country might follow the similar pattern, took the matter before WTO for resolution. If WTO were to rule in favor of Brazil, it would justify it on the basis of â€Å"Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT)†. This agreement is intended that technical regulations, standards and procedures of conformity assessment do not unnecessarily international trade barriers, while recognizing the right of Members to take regulatory measures to achieve its legitimate objectives, including: the imperatives of national security, the requirements in terms of quality, the protection of human health or safety and the life or health of animals, plant life, environmental protection and prevention practices likely to mislead. (Fliess and Schonfeld, 2011) TBT Agreement applies to: †¢Technical regulations: These are measures that establish the features of a product and the processes and production methods which compliance is mandatory. †¢Standards: These are measures approved by a recognized body that provide, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for products and processes and production methods which compliance is voluntary. †¢The procedures for conformity assessment: procedures that are used, directly or indirectly, to determine that relevant requirements in technical regulations or standards are fulfilled. These measures should be applied only to extent necessary to protect human, plan or animal life and should be based on scientific principles. Since Xia goods are alleged to have some health risks, the temporary ban on its import was justified until it was provided that it is free of health hazards. 2.If the details of the Xia case were indeed presented to the WTO, explain what the WTO ruling would most likely be and why. Answer:  The objective of the dispute settlement mechanism is to secure a positive solution to a dispute. This is clearly to be preferred to a mutually acceptable to the parties to the dispute and consistent with the covered agreements. Failure to reach a mutually agreed solution, the first objective of the dispute settlement mechanism is usually to secure the withdrawal of the measures concerned if these are found to be inconsistent with the provisions of any of the covered agreements. Do not resort to compensation only where it is not feasible immediately suppress inconsistent with a covered agreement and as a temporary measure pending the withdrawal. The last resort which this Understanding to the Member invoking the dispute settlement procedures is the possibility of suspending a discriminatory manner against another Member, the application of concessions or other obligations under the covered agreements provided that the DSB authorize the adoption of these measures. (Raghavan, 2000). If it is indeed proved that Xia goods are manufactured from hazardous materials, the ruling of WTO is likely to be in favor of Brazil. In such a case, WTO is likely to define an international standard for Xia’s goods to be exported to other countries. If the quality of product falls below this minimum standard, the ban on imports will be justifiable. On the other hand, if goods from China are meeting these standards, the ruling would be in favor of China and Brazil would not be able to restrict its import. 3.In the soybean case, what was the measure adopted by the Chinese government to protect soybean farmers from import surges, and what are the WTO parameters for instituting such measures? Answer: China imported 49% of Brazil’s soybean sued until July 2012. These were 17.1 million tones from 34.9 Total you bought. Thus, the South American country is located on the first exporter of oilseed Asian giant, the largest global importer of the product. (Kassai and Colitt, 2013) Brazilian soybean exports to China were being used to feed domestic cattle and poultry stocks in China. This rise in the demand for soybeans reflected the discovery by animal nutritionists that combining 1 part soybean meal with 4 parts grain, usually corn, in feed rations would sharply boost the efficiency with which livestock and poultry converted grain into animal protein. Chinese government restricted imports on soybean and argued that surge of imported soybeans and its lower cost were negatively affecting the livelihood of domestic coastal farmers who were being forced to increase the domestic price of soybean to offset crop losses from flooding. Here, the Chinese government has used â€Å"Agreement on Safeguard† to protect soybean farmers from import surges. Such measures are used when increased import of particular products seriously threatens the importing country’s domestic industry. WTO parameters for instituting such measures: a) Imports must have serious implications for domestic industry b) Measures should only be temporary c) Should not be discrimination while imposing such measures on different countries. 4. If the details of the soybean case were indeed presented to the WTO, explain what the WTO ruling would most likely be and why. Answer: The Chinese government would reduce or eliminate the quotas and other measures which until now have protected domestic production of soybeans from cheaper imports. China’s consumption of soybeans ballooned by more than 160% between 2000 and 2011 when import barriers were removed, but the area planted with soybeans declined by 20% during those same years. Chinese farmers were simply unable to compete with imported soybeans that were RMB 300 to 600 (US$45-90) cheaper per ton than domestic beans. Imported soybeans now account for three-quarters of the soybeans processed into cooking oil and feed in China, the products of soybean crushing. If China is able to prove that domestic soybean producers are not able to survive because of low cost imports from Brazil, the WTO ruling would be in favor of China and such measures would be upheld. However, if such measures were used as retaliation to Brazilian ban on Chinese toys, the WTO ruling would be in favor of Brazil and China would not be able to restrict import of Soybean from Brazil. REFERENCES Raghavan, Chakravarthi (2000). The World Trade Organization and its Dispute Settlement System. Retrieved from: http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/tilting.htm Kassai Lucia, Colitt Raymond. (2013). Brazil Soy Boom Bottlenecked as China Left Waiting: Commodities. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/ Busch, Marc L. Eric Reinhardt (2003), â€Å"Developing Countries and GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement†, Journal of World Trade 37(4) Filess Barbara, Schonfeld Raymond, (2011). Using International Standards in Regulations. OECD Provides a New Tool for Governments. Retrieved from: http://www.astm.org/SNEWS/MJ_2011/perspective_mj11.html World Trade Organization. (2014). Technical barriers to trade. Retrieved from: http://www.wto.org World Trade Organization. (2014). Agreement on Safeguards. Retrieved from: http://www.wto.org

Irony in the Scarlet Letter Essay

â€Å"Irony regards every simple truth as a challenge. † When reading a story, the events that have already presented themselves, lead a person to perceive what is going to happen, but when that person encounter an unexpected event, as commonly experienced through irony, it changes what the person perceives is going to happen. The Scarlet Letter exemplifies this use of irony to challenge truth. Hawthorne provides details about a specific character, but then creates an event which stands in contrast to these details. Hawthorne’s uses irony, portrayed through characters’ names, the first scaffold scene, and the Puritan community, to express the truth throughout the novel. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne uses characters’ names to contrast to their actual characteristics. He uses the name Pearl, which means purity, as a nickname for a mischievous character. He portrays Roger Chillingworth as a doctor, while Chillingworth’s main purpose involves causing the deterioration of Arthur Dimmesdale’s health. Arthur Dimmesdale, a saint-like figure to the Puritan Community, indulges in a great sin. Being a minister, his life elucidates hypocrisy. He has committed one of the greatest sins that he condemns in his sermons. Hawthorne uses these evident labels to contrast to character’s true characteristics. The scaffold scenes each reveal a truth through use of irony. The first scaffold scene connotes not only a connection between Hester and Dimmesdale, but also Dimmesdale’s wishes in regard to their sin. At the beginning of the novel, while the reader’s main question involves Pearl’s father, Hawthorne asides other characters by emphasizing Dimmesdale’s questioning of Hester. This emphasis exposes Dimmesdale as the prime suspect to be Pearl’s father. Dimmesdale speaks curiously in third-person about what Pearl’s father should do. He also stresses that Hester should tell who she had an affair with, and that her partner will accept being exposed, as if trying to convince her that he wants to be revealed but is to scared to do so on his own. This event causes irony, as the focus on Dimmesdale and Hester in this scene foreshadows their relations later in the novel. Hawthorne portrays the Puritan Community as a body that lacks the ability to recognize truth, while their ideals involve creating a â€Å"city upon a hill† that has achieved the ultimate truth. When Roger Chillingworth arrives in Boston, the community falsely believes that he has been sent from God to cure Arthur Dimmesdale. When Chillingworth wishes to house with Dimmesdale, few question Chillingworth’s intent. Even as they see Dimmesdale’s worsening condition, few blame it on Roger Chillingworth. The community also fails to recognize Dimmesdale’s attempts to confess his sin. In his sermons, Dimmesdale states that he is â€Å"altogether vile, a viler companion of the vilest† and that he should be â€Å"shriveled up before their eyes by the burning wrath of the Almighty. The community, still believing that he has not committed any serious sin, thinks of him even the higher. The community’s inability to recognize evil characters and sin overshadows their wishes to perceive the ultimate truth. Characters’ names, the first scaffold scene, and the Puritan Community act as a means of expressing truth through Hawthorne’s use of irony. Hawthorne provides evident details on characters, allowing the reader to obtain truth through an ironic event. Hawthorne meets the quote in the beginning by the requirement that irony should regard every simple truth as a challenge.

Legislation for Students in Special Education Programs

Public jurisprudence 94-142 Part B of the Education of the Handicapped Act ( 1975 ) states that a free and appropriate public instruction must be provided for all kids with disablements in the United States ( those up to 5 old ages old may be excluded in some provinces ) . ( Hardman, & A ; Drew, 2008 ) In 1974 amendments to ESEA and EHA were passed ( Public jurisprudence 93-380 ) in order to increase fiscal aid to provinces to supply services to kids with disablements. This jurisprudence besides included linguistic communication that informed school territories that federal assistance for plans for pupils with disablements would be dependent on provinces developing programs for adequate services for kids with disablements. Finally, in 1975, The Landmark Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( EHA ) ; Public Law 94-124 ) was passed. This jurisprudence requires that all pupils have entree to liberate and allow public instruction that is provided in the least restrictive environment. Under Public Law 94-142, schools were required to supply service merely for kids of school age. But In 1986, public jurisprudence 99-457 was passed. This jurisprudence mandated particular instruction services for kids ages 3-5 and provided fiscal inducements to provinces to supply services for kids ag es birth to 3. I can merely conceive of the troubles that schools had to face before PublicA jurisprudence 94-142 was passed. But even after 1975 kids with disablements who were non yet in schools ( ages 3-5 ) had no rights that support their educational demands either. It took eleven old ages for the jurisprudence to be revised. Hardman, M, & A ; Drew, C. ( 2008 ) . Human exceptionality scool, community and household. Boston: Houghton Mifflin CompanyThe American with Disabilities Act ( ADA )Persons with disablements education Act ( IDEA )Agencies for Students in Particular EducationII. Students with Learning DisabilitiesEmotional/behavioral Disorders ( EBD )Intellectual disablementCommunication upsetsPhysical disablementsIII. The Individualized Education plan ( IEP )The intent of IEPWho is involved?Developing the individualised instruction plan Developmentally appropriate pattern is instructional attack that uses course of study and larning environments consistent with the kid ‘s development degree. It uses more child-initiated acquisition by promoting kids to research their involvements through drama. It besides encourages household engagement. Age appropriate arrangement on the other manus is the arrangement of pick for all pupils with or without particular demands that are within chronologically age appropriate regular schoolrooms. Students with disabilities have the same environment as non-handicapped equals of similar age in order to better the quality of interactions in those environments. Inclusive preschool schoolrooms are designed to run into the demands of each kid. Classrooms are staffed by extremely trained professionals in both kid attention and particular instruction. In add-on, the schoolroom physical environment supports all of the users. The kids have all of their day-to-day activities together and th e kids are seen as persons and it is recognized that all kids are on a continuum of development. I believe the â€Å" Best Plan † depends upon the specific demands of the kid. Developmentally appropriate course of study should supply for all countries of a kid ‘s development ; physical, emotional, societal, lingual, and cognitive.The course of study should besides construct upon what kids already know and are able to make to consolidate their acquisition and to further their acquisition of new constructs and accomplishments. Integrated scenes have, in fact, been found to bring forth higher proportions, rates, and degrees of societal, cognitive, and lingual accomplishments in kids with disablements than unintegrated scenes. IV. Teacher ‘s Roles in the Classroom Particular instruction instructors compile, organize and keep good accurate records on each pupil and work straight with the pupil ‘s parents to guarantee that they are familiar with what is being taught. Since the particular instruction instructor needs to cognize whom to depend on for role- specific advice, he or she has the duty to organize the pupil ‘s individualised instruction plan by maintaining the line of communicating unfastened with each squad member. The General instruction instructor ‘s function is critical ; he or she provides support for pupils by repeating or lucubrating on the pupil ‘s verbal parts. The instructor assesses the general course of study and aids in finding appropriate positive behavioural intercessions and schemes for the pupil and provides services and plans alterations. Professionals who collaborate trust one another but coaction and audience will work in a school if, and merely if, the people involved are prepared for the func tions. Understand their specific functions, and know the ends for the procedure Working with Children with Special Needs Intensive instructions Adaptive instructions Inclusive instruction VII. Passage to adult life Passage Servicess are designed to be within a results-oriented procedure, that is focused on bettering the academic and functional accomplishment of the kid with a disablement to ease the kid ‘s motion from school to post-school activities, including post-secondary instruction, vocational instruction, integrated employment ( including supported employment ) , go oning and big instruction, grownup services, independent life, or community engagement. It is based on the single kid ‘s demands, taking into history the kid ‘s strengths, penchants, and involvements. The jurisprudence is really clear in saying that every effort must be made to guarantee that pupils take part meaningfully in their ain passage planning. IDEA ordinances require schools to affect the pupil in the planning procedure to the maximal extent possible, every bit good as to guarantee that the pupil ‘s penchants and involvements are considered in composing the ends and aims. The passage from school to adult life is a complex and dynamic procedure. Passage planning should stop with the transportation of support from the school to an grownup service bureau, entree to postsecondary instruction, or life as an independent grownup. ( Hardman, Drew, & A ; Egan, 2008 ) Planing for pupil ‘s future requires the position of multiple people who are vested in the pupil ‘s life. IDEA 2004 requires that the planning squad include the parents ; at least one general instruction instructor ; the particular pedagogue who works with the pupil ; a representative of the school territory ; the school must besides ask for the pupil to go to the IEP/transition squad meeting and help the pupils in making his or her ends. What chances are available for pupils with disablements after they complete secondary school? Teachers, parents, households, and schools should go on to look for available community resources to assist pupils with disablements become more independent and passage from high school to the community. Many times there are authorities funded bureaus that have plans and services available for persons with transitional barriers. One of the bureaus that found to be helpful is The Job Accommodation Network ( JAN ) . It has an international toll-free consulting service that provides information about occupation adjustments and the employability of people with disablements. JAN besides provides information sing the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA ) . Another bureau is The National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth ( NCWD-Y ) . It offers proficient aid plans to assist the work force development community with issues that affect the employment of young person with disableme nts. The NCWD-Y besides seeks the aid of experts in disablement, instruction, employment and work force development issues to guarantee that young person with disablements are provide full entree to high quality services. Institutions of higher acquisition besides have different chances on their campuses for pupils with disablements. Postsecondary academies are one-day conferences-type events for high school juniors and seniors with a broad scope of disablements. Parents, instructors, passage specializers, and other high school staff are besides encouraged to go to. To to the full fix for the passage from school, pupils and parents must be educated about critical constituents of grownup services systems ; Self finding and societal accomplishments besides play a critical function in the successful passage from school to adult life. Students with disablements in the secondary school old ages need entree to societal activities in order to be successful in the community and the workplace. Competence in utilizing societal accomplishments will take to positive perceptual experiences of individuals with disablements in extended community scenes such as postsecondary instruction.

The Business Lifecycle Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Business Lifecycle - Personal Statement Example I have been very keen on how businesses are started and what entails the whole startup process and I have found out that one of the most important issues to be tackled is the legal issues. I was thinking like there was no problem provided that the business I’m intending to start is a legal one, but to my surprise, my research has shown me otherwise. Company law, a book by CR, Datta, clearly shows that there are a lot of legal issues to be looked into before a business is allowed to operate. Some of them are the registration of the business name, application for health and sanitary permits and seeking permission for building premises to be used by the business. The business should also adhere to Acts and statutes governing what they practice. A look into the Horizon Electronics business plan also confirmed the same to me since they have clearly documented their adherence to the relevant regulations, registration, and drafting of contracts. In my research and coursework, I have also learned that a business has to undergo various stages before it is termed as mature. Charlie Gilkey in his book the business life-cycle offers an overview of stages of a business life cycle. He names them as the inspirational stage where an entrepreneur has a business idea but has not yet implemented it, the entry stage where then entrepreneur has decided to start a business and is actively building the market, the growth stage where the entrepreneurs have a business plan and are growing their revenue streams with new clients and customers, the crucible stage where the demand for goods and services outstrip the entrepreneurs ability to meet them, and finally the cruise stage where the entrepreneur has found solutions to the problems and is moving ahead (Gilkey, 2010). In my view, business requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice especially in its initial stages of development. This is because I have come to learn that there are many challenges associated with this stage of a b usiness. One of the major challenges is that of finding a market for your output. It is a fact that without a market for the output, the core objective of doing business: making profits will not be attained. Proper market research (an organized effort to gather information about customers) should, therefore, be performed before the business is commenced. I tend to believe that it is very essential for this to be done keenly because it also gives an outline on how to market the product. Market research also provides information about the prevailing market trends in the industry and the current market prices for similar goods.  

Cyber Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cyber Law - Research Paper Example 1. Cyberspace, cybercrime and cyber law: Before going any further, we have to know what â€Å"Cybercrime† and â€Å"Cyber law† really is and understand the concept of â€Å"Cyber crime† and â€Å"Cyber law.† â€Å"‘Cybercrime’ †¦ consists of engaging in conduct that is outlawed because it threatens order† (Brenner 10). Thus, cybercrime is something which has similarity to the term crime, as all crimes are illegal and all crimes threaten order. The term ‘cyberspace’ was first coined by William Gibson in 1982 which actually describes a â€Å"mentally constructed virtual environment within which computer activity takes place.† â€Å"Cybercrime† means the crimes that are committed within that space and it refers to the risks online (Wall 10). Thus, the term â€Å"cybercrime† indicates crimes that can be committed in a networked computer. It includes crimes like hacking, pornography, crimes related with online financial transactions, credit card frauds, email hijacking, cyber sabotage, virus attacks, etc. The definition of cyber law as given in the business dictionary states that cyber law is a â€Å"rapidly evolving area of civil and criminal law† which is applicable â€Å"to the use of computers, and activities performed and transactions conducted over internet and other networks.† (â€Å"Cyber law†). It includes laws related with electronic copyright, web image trademarks, software piracy, domain name disputes, electronic stocking, online business information, etc. (â€Å"Definition of cyber law†). 2. Different types of cyber crimes: 2.1 Offences against confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of Computer and System:1 It includes crimes that are against any one of the three principles of confidentiality, integrity and availability. The different crimes that can be included in this category can be offences of illegal access like â€Å"hackingâ₠¬  and â€Å"cracking.† â€Å"Hacking† means unlawful access to a computer. It includes offences like breaking the password of protected websites (Gercke 20-21). The second form of crime in this category includes â€Å"Data Espionage† which means accessing sensitive information without the permission of the host. The two approaches which are used to obtain information can be accessing a computer, and extracting information, and using manipulation to make users disclose their access codes, which is also known as â€Å"phishing† (Gercke 23-25). The other crimes coming within this category are illegal interception, data interference and system interference. 2.2 Content-related offences:2 The aforementioned category includes offences of publishing content which is illegal or obnoxious. It includes erotic or pornographic material excluding child pornography. Many countries criminalize access of pornographic content by minors. Secondly, child pornography is co nsidered as a criminal act and is also punishable (Gercke 32). The other types of offences included in this category are racism, hate speech, glorification of offence, religious offences, illegal gambling and online games, libel and false information, spam and related threats, other types of illegal content like unlawful sale of products, etc. (Gercke 34-40) 2.3 Copyright and Trademark-related